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Andrew Weil (, born June 8, 1942)—broadly referred by this name preceded by "Dr.", or simply as ''Dr. Weil''—is an U.S.-trained physician, and successful author, spokesperson, and broadly described "guru" for holistic health and integrative medicine, whose names also constitute an emerging brand of healthcare services and products in these fields. Weil studied at Harvard in the early 1960s, bringing him into contact with social scientists David McClelland, Richard Alpert, and Timothy Leary. He graduated cum laude in 1964 from a biology major and a concentration in the ethnobotany of medicinal plants, following this with an Harvard M.D. in 1968, and fellowship years in San Francisco and at the National Institute of Mental Health. Throughout these periods, Weil displayed a strong curiosity regarding the emerging field of psychopharmacology, accessing it through study and personal experimentation. Weil then spent a decade with the Harvard Botanical Museum (1971-1984), and in personal travel, exploration, and writing focused on this field. His writings on the relationships between human consciousness, culture, healing, and drug experience appeared in regular contributions to ''High Times'' magazine (1975-1983), and in book-length works (''The Natural Mind,'' 1972; ''The Marriage of Sun and Moon,'' 1980; ''From Chocolate to Morphine,'' 1983). Weil's became interested in the ideas and practices of complementary and alternative medicine, and went on to play a seminal role in codifying and establishing the emerging field of integrative medicine, which aims to combine alternative medicine, conventional evidence-based medicine, and other practices into a higher-order "system of systems" to address human healing via action in multiple "dimensions" (biological, psychogical, sociological, and spiritual). As of 2015, Weil serves as an academician at the University of Arizona College of Medicine, where he is Lovell-Jones Professor of Integrative Rheumatology, Clinical Professor of Medicine, and Professor of Public Health. In 1994, Weil founded and has since directed the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine. He served as founding editor of a seminal OUP series offering medical best-practice methods alongside yet-to-be-proven ones, the ''Weil Integrative Medicine Library'' (2009-2015), which includes specialty volumes in oncology, cardiology, rheumatology, pediatrics, psychology, and other specialties. Weil has given extensive efforts to popular communication encouraging patients to incorporate alternative therapies—use of nutritional supplements, meditation and “spiritual” strategies, etc.—into conventional treatment plans. His many broad, health-related books include ''Spontaneous Healing'' (1995), ''Eight Weeks to Optimum Health'' (1997), ''Eating Well for Optimum Health'' (2000), ''The Healthy Kitchen'' (2002, with chef Rosie Daley), and ''Healthy Aging'' (2005), several of which have appeared on recognized best seller lists. This popular exposure has included frequent guest appearances (e.g., ''Larry King Live'', ''Oprah'', and the ''Today'' show). Weil blogs for ''The Huffington Post,'' and occasionally writes for ''Time'' magazine (and was recognized in a global 100 list of influential people by them in 2005). In addition to his publisher-offered print, electronic, and audio products, Weil has founded several commercial enterprises (e.g., DrWeill.com and drweilproducts.com) to offer information, consulting services, and various products; in this regard, the "Dr. Andrew Weil" name represents both the individual, and a clear commercial brand. Services though Weil's businesses include vitamin advice and subscription websites paralleling his popular books. Products offered include vitamins, personal hygiene and skin care items, orthotics and foot-ware, medical devices, food preparation equipment, and a food product line. Registered trademarks of the brand include the ''Dr. Andrew Weil for Origins'' skin care/cosmetic and ''Dr. Andrew Weil Integrative Footwear'' lines. The development of Weil's ideas and of his brand have not been without criticism. His experimentation with drugs during college and after and his relationships with Harvard faculty during the tumultuous early 1960s has received attention (e.g., from Don Lattin in ''The Harvard Psychedelic Club,'' 2010). Moreover, there have been recurring reports in which mainstream medical professionals have criticized Weil for specific cases where he has appeared to reject aspects of evidence-based medicine, or promote unverified beliefs; and critiques by scientific watchdog organizations for his failing to disclaim in cases of his writings that have had connections to his own commercial interests. Finally, academics have taken him to task, in print, for his and his peers downplaying social, structural, and environmental factors that contribute to the etiology of disease in the West, and for the clear component of entrepreneurialism associated with his establishing his brand of health care services and products. ==Subject and brand descriptions== Andrew Weil, as individual and brand, is described by ''Encyclopedia Britannica'' as an "American physician and popularizer of alternative and integrative medicine,"〔The editors of EB (2015). "Andrew Weil, American Physician," In ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' (online, 18 November), see (), accessed 18 November 2015.〕 and by his 2015 publishers, Little, Brown/Hachette, as "the founder and director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine" and "author of several bestselling books." At the Oxford University site for the academic imprint, the ''Weil Integrative Medicine Library,'' Weil is described as "Lovell-Jones Professor of Integrative Rheumatology, Clinical Professor of Medicine, Professor of Public Health, () Director of the Arizona Center for Integrative Medicine, University of Arizona." He is described by Hans Baer as a "Holistic Health/New Age Guru" (alongside Deepak Chopra), and as a biomedically trained physician that has "emerged as () visible and financially successful spokesperso()" of the holistic health/New Age movement.〔Baer, H.A. (2003). "The Work of Andrew Weil and Deepak Chopra—Two Holistic Health/New Age Gurus: A Critique of the Holistic Health/New Age Movements," ''Med. Anthropol. Quart.'' 17(2, June):233-250, esp. 233f, 236, see () and () and (), accessed 20 November 2015.〕 Weil provides extensive biographical information about himself at his DrWeil.com informational and commercial website; in his about.me page, which links from his commercial site, he describes himself as "Physician, Best-Selling Author, Speaker & Integrative Medicine Thought-Leader" and "a world-renowned leader and pioneer in the field of integrative medicine, a healing oriented approach to health care which encompasses body, mind, and spirit." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andrew Weil」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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